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Characterization

Brucher R and D Russell. Doppler settings and their influence on emboli detection. Presented at the 1994 Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, San Diego, CA, Feb 14-17, 1994. Stroke 1994; 24(3): 510. (abstract #32)

Brucher R and D Russell. The Doppler power characteristics of solid and gaseous emboli. Presented at the 8th Int'l Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, Münster, Germany, Sept 25-27, 1994. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994; 4(supp 3). (abstract #89)

Casty M. Automated detection of microemboli in transcranial Doppler signals. Ultraschall-in-der-Medizin 1994; 15(5): 253-258. (abstract)

Consensus Committee of 9th Int’l Cerebral Hemodynamic Symposium. Basic identification criteria of Doppler microembolic signals. Stroke 1995; 26: 1123.

Droste DW, et al. Bigated transcranial Doppler for the detection of clinically silent circulating emboli in normal persons and patients with prosthetic cardiac valves. Stroke 1997; 28(3): 588-592.

Droste DW, et al. Embolic signals at different velocities studied in transcranial Doppler models. Presented at the 8th Int'l Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, Münster, Germany, Sept 25-27, 1994. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994; 4(supp 3). (abstract #110)

Droste DW, et al. Oxygen inhalation can differentiate gaseous from nongaseous microemboli detected by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Stroke 1997; 28 (4): 2453-2456.

Droste, DW, et al. The effect of velocity on the appearance of emboli studied in transcranial Doppler models. Presented at the 1994 Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, San Diego, CA, Feb 14-17, 1994. Stroke 1994; 24(3). (abstract)

Georgiadis D, et al. Differentiation between gaseous and formed embolic materials in vivo. Application in prosthetic heart valve patients. Stroke 1994; 25(8): 1559-1563.

Georgiadis D, et al. Power analysis of emboli signals helps in determining the nature of the embolic material. Presented at the 1994 Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, San Diego, CA, Feb 14-17, 1994. Stroke 1994; 24(3). (abstract)

Georgiadis D, Kelman AW, and KR Lees. Quantification of ultrasound emboli signals in patients with cardiac and carotid disease. Stroke 1993; 24(12): 1922-1924.

Göcke J, et al. Identification of Doppler microembolic signals using the coincidence method. Presented at the 6th Meeting of Neurosonology Research Group; World Federation of Neurology, Salzburg, Austria, Sept 1-3, 1995. J Neuroimaging 1995 5(supp 2). (abstract #5)

Gorce P, Kassnasrallah S, and Z Elias. HITS: caracterisation et signification. JEMU 1998; 19(4): 341-350.

Grosset DG, et al. Ultrasound embolus signal power distinguishes cardiac from carotid source embolism. Presented at the 5th Meeting of Neurosonology Research Group; World Federation of Neurology, Toronto, Canada, Sept 1-3, 1993. (abstract #A-35)

Hill PD. The challenge of characterizing emboli by transcranial Doppler sonography. Stroke 1994; 25(9): 1882-1883. (Letter to editor)

Markus HS and J Molloy. Use of a decibel threshold in detecting Doppler embolic signals. Stroke 1997; 28(4): 692-695.

Markus HS and MM Brown. Differentiation between different pathological cerebral embolic materials using transcranial Doppler in an in vitro model. Stroke 1993; 24(1): 1-5.

Markus HS. Importance of time window overlap in detection of embolic signals. Presented at the 6th Meeting of Neurosonology Research Group; World Federation of Neurology, Salzburg, Austria, Sept 1-3, 1995. J Neuroimaging 1995; 5(supp 2). (abstract #4)

Moehring MA and JA Ritcey. Microembolus sizing in a blood-mimicking fluid using a novel dual-frequency pulsed Doppler. Echocardiography 1996; 13(5): 573-577.

Moehring MA and JR Klepper. Pulse Doppler ultrasound detection, characterization and size estimation of emboli in flowing blood. IEEE Transactions on Biomed Eng 1994; 41(1): 35-44.

Moehring MA. Fundamental concepts regarding sizing and discrimination of air bubbles and red cell aggregates using pulsed-Doppler ultrasound. Echocardiography 1996; 13(5): 567-571.

Moehring MA. Discrimination of air bubbles and red cell aggregate emboli using the embolus-to-blood (EBR) power ratio. From the Proceedings of the 9th Int'l Cerebral Hemodynamics Symposium. Stroke 1995; 26(4): 733. (abstract)

Molloy J, and HS Markus. Multigated Doppler ultrasound in the detection of emboli in a flow model and embolic signals in patients. Stroke 1996; 27(9): 1548-1552.

Ries F, et al. High-resolution emboli detection and differentiation by characteristic postembolic spectral patterns. American Heart Association 1998; 668-672.

Russell D, et al. Multifrequency Doppler discriminates between gaseous and solid microemboli. Presented at the 23rd International Joint Conference on Stroke and Cerebral Circulation, Omni Rosen Hotel, Orlando, FL, Feb 5-7, 1998. (abstract)

Russell D, et al. The intensity of the Doppler signal caused by cerebral embolic materials. Presented at the 6th Int'l Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, Phoenix, AZ, Jan 26-29, 1992. Stroke 1992; 23(3): 474. (abstract)

Russell D, et al. The intensity of the Doppler signal caused by cerebral embolic materials. Presented at the 4th Meeting of Neurosonology Research Group; World Federation of Neurology, Hiroshima, Japan, June 6-8, 1991. (abstract #78); The intensity of the Doppler signal caused by arterial emboli depends on embolus size. Exerpta Medica 1992: 57-60.

Siebler M, et al. Real-time identification of cerebral microemboli with US feature detection by a neural network. Radiology 1994; 192(3): 739-742; Stroke 1995; 26(2): 345. (abstract #AB-12733-95)

Smith JL, et al. Classification of cerebral emboli using transcranial Doppler ultrasound and Wigner analysis. Presented at the 8th Int'l Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, Münster, Germany, Sept 25-27, 1994. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994; 4(supp 3). (abstract #90)

Smith JL, et al. Interpretation of embolic phenomena during carotid endarterectomy. Stroke 1995; 26: 2281-2284.

Smith JL, et al. A comparison of four methods for distinguishing Doppler signals from gaseous and particulate emboli. American Heart Association June 1998; 1133-1138.

Van Zuilen EV, et al. Automatic embolus detection compared with human experts. A Doppler ultrasound study. Stroke 1996; 27(10): 840-843.

 

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