| Cardiac Surgery & Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Aguilar MJ, Gerbode F, and JD Hill. Neuropathologic complications of cardiac surgery. J
Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1971; 61(5): 676-685.
Alamanni F, et al. Aortic arch surgery: pros and cons of selective cerebral perfusion.
A multivariable analysis for cerebral injury during hypothermic circulatory arrest. J
Cardiovasc Surg 1995; 36 (1): 31-37.
Albin MS, et al. Intracranial air embolism is detected by the transcranial Doppler
(TCD) during cardiopulmonary bypass procedures. Neurosurg Anesth 1990; 2: 223.
Albin MS, et al. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) utilization during open heart surgery: flow
changes and incidence of air microemboli. Presented at the 6th Int'l Symposium on Cerebral
Hemodynamics,
Phoenix, AZ, Jan 26-29, 1992. Stroke 1992; 23(3). (abstract #81)
Almassi GH, et al. Stroke in cardiac surgical patients: determinants and outcome. Ann
Thorac Surg 1999; 68(2): 391-398.
Arnold JV, et al. Demonstration of cerebral microemboli occurring during coronary
artery bypass graft surgery using fluorescein angiography. J Audiov Media Med 1990;
13(3): 87-90.
Ashton N, et al. Focal retinal ischaemia. Br J Ophthalmol 1966; 50: 283-384.
Austen WG and DH Howry. Ultrasound as a method to detect bubbles or particulate matter
in the arterial line during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Surg Res 1965; 5(6): 283-284.
Baker AJ, et al. Cerebral microemboli during coronary artery bypass using different
cardioplegia techniques. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 59(5): 1187-1191.
Barbut D, et al. Cerebral emboli detected during bypass surgery are associated with
clamp removal. Stroke 1994; 25(12): 2398-2406.
Barbut D, et al. Comparison of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and transesophageal
echocardiography to monitor emboli during coronary artery bypass surgery. Stroke
1996; 27(1): 87-90.
Barbut D, et al. Determination of size of aortic emboli and embolic load during
coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 1997; 63(5): 1262-1267.
Barbut D, et al. Number of emboli detected by TCD during CABG is related to aortic
atheroma as assessed by TEE. Presented at the 3rd Int'l Conference on the Brain and
Cardiac Surgery, Key West, FL, Sept 23-27, 1994. (abstract)
Blauth CI, et al. Atheroembolism from the ascending aorta. An emerging problem in
cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992; 103(6): 1104-1112.
Blauth CI, et al. Cerebral microembolism during cardiopulmonary bypass. Retinal
microvascular studies in vitro with fluorescein angiography. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg
1988; 95(4): 668-676.
Blauth CI, et al. Influence of oxygenator type on the prevalence and extent of
microembolic retinal ischemia during cardiopulmonary bypass. Assessment by digital image
analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990; 99(1): 61-69.
Blauth CI, et al. Retinal microembolism and neuropsychological deficit following
clinical cardiopulmonary bypass. Comparison of a membrane and a bubble oxygenator. A
preliminary communication. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1989; 3(2): 133-139.
Blauth CI, et al. Retinal microvascular occlusions during cardiopulmonary bypass
demonstrated by fluorescein angiography. Lancet 1986; 2(8511): 837-839.
Blauth CI. Macroemboli and microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac
Surg 1995; 59(5): 1300-1303.
Brækken SK, et al. Cerebral embolic signals during open heart surgery: frequency and
time of occurrence. Presented at the 8th Int'l Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics,
Münster, Germany, Sept 25-27, 1994. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994; 4(supp 3). (abstract
#99)
Brækken SK, et al. Cerebral microembolic signals during cardiopulmonary bypass
surgery. Frequency, time of occurrence and association with patient and surgical
characteristics. Stroke 1997; 28(10): 1988-1992.
Breillatt J and LC Hsu. Antithrombotic biomaterials for cardiovascular surgery. In: Anticoagulation,
Hemostasis, and Blood Preservation in Cardiovascular Surgery. Edited by Pifarré, R.
Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus, Inc., 1993. 353-362.
Brillman J, et al. The source of microemboli during CABG surgery and the neurological
and cognitive sequelae. Presented at the 3rd Int'l Conference on the Brain and Cardiac
Surgery, Key West, FL, Sept 23-27, 1994. (abstract)
Brown WR, et al. Histologic studies of brain microembolism in humans and dogs after
cardiopulmonary bypass. Echocardiography 1996; 13(5): 559-565.
Bunegin L, et al. Incidence and volume of air emboli in the middle cerebral artery
during cardiopulmonary bypass. Presented at the 2nd Int'l Conference on the Brain and
Cardiac Surgery, Key West, FL, Sept 25-28, 1992. (abstract)
Bunegin L, Wahl D, and MS Albin. Detection and volume estimation of air embolism in the
middle cerebral artery (MCA) using transcranial sonography. Presented at the 2nd Int'l
Conference on the Brain and Cardiac Surgery, Key West, FL, Sept 25-28, 1992. (abstract)
Butler BD. Biophysical aspects of gas bubbles in blood. Med Instrum 1985; 19(2):
59-62.
Carlson RG, et al. The Lande-Edwards membrane oxygenator during heart surgery: oxygen
transfer, microemboli counts and Bender-Gestalt visual motor test scores. J Thorac
Cardiovasc Surg 1973; 66(6): 894-905.
Carswell H. MRI explores side-effects of cardiac bypass surgery. Diagnostic Imaging
Dec 1991; 11-12.
Challa VR, Moody DM, and BT Troost. Brain embolic phenomena associated with
cardiopulmonary bypass. J Neurol Sci 1993; 117(1-2): 223-231.
Clark RE, Dietz DR, and JG Miller. Continuous detection of microemboli during
cardiopulmonary bypass in animals and man. Circulation 1976; 54(supp 3): 74-78.
Clark RE, et al. Microemboli during coronary artery bypass grafting. Genesis and effect
on outcome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995; 109(2): 249-258.
Clayton RH, Pearson DT, and A Murray. Clinical comparison of two devices for detection
of microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass. Clin Phys Physiol Meas 1990; 11(4):
327-332.
Davis DA, et al. Transcranial Doppler evaluation of flow velocities in the middle
cerebral artery during the initial phase of cardiopulmonary bypass. Presented at the 5th
Meeting of Neurosonology Research Group; World Federation of Neurology, Toronto, Canada,
Sept 1-3, 1993. (abstract #A-18)
DeLaPaz RL, et al. MRI of cerebral injury following open heart, valve replacement
surgery. Presented at the Proceedings of Am Soc Neuroradiol, Washington, DC, June 9-14,
1991. (abstract #101).
Dewanjee GM, et al. Platelet-emboli from arterial filter and oxygenator: major source
of embolic complications during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Presented at the Cardiovas
Science Tech Conference, Bethesda, MD, Dec 1992. (abstract #109)
DiCarlo A, et al. Baseline factors predicting cognitive deterioration after cardiac
surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Presented at the 6th European Stroke
Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, May 28-31, 1997. Cerebrovasc Dis 1997;
7(supp 4): 86. (abstract #SUR 4).
Doblar DD. Cerebrovascular assessment of the high-risk patient: the role of
transcranial Doppler ultrasound. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1996; 10(1): 3-14.
Edmonds HL and RA Rodriguez. Neuromonitoring improves cardiac surgery outcome.
Presented at the 3rd Int'l Conference on the Brain and Cardiac Surgery, Key West, FL, Sept
23-27, 1994. (abstract)
Edmonds HL, et al. The role of neuromonitoring in cardiovascular surgery. J
Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1996; 10(1): 15-23.
Eicke M, et al. Carotid artery microemboli detection following cardiopulmonary bypass.
Presented at the 5th Int'l Symposium on Intracranial Hemodynamics, San Francisco, CA, Feb
18-21, 1991. J Cardiovas Tech 1990; 9: 284-285. (abstract #61)
Faichney A, et al. Prostacyclin in cardiopulmonary bypass operations. J Thorac
Cardiovasc Surg 1982; 84(4): 601-608.
Friend T. Neurological problems after bypass. USA Today Oct 19, 1994; Life
Section: 1D.
Gallagher EG and DT Pearson. Ultrasonic identification of sources of gaseous
microemboli during open heart surgery. Thorax 1973; 28(3): 295-305.
Georgiadis D, et al. Influence of transducer frequency on Doppler microemboli signals
in an in vivo model. Neurological Research 1998; 20(3): 198-200.
Gilman S. Neurological complications of open heart surgery. (Editorial) Ann Neurol
1990; (28)4: 475-476.
Goldsborough MA, Selnes OA, and GM McKhann. Adverse cerebral outcomes after coronary
bypass surgery. (correspondence) New Eng J Med 1997; 336(22): 1605-1607.
Grandinetti KA. CNS deficits post open heart surgery. Providence Medical Center.
Grocott HP, et al. Cerebral embolization during transmyocardial laser
revascularization. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997; 114(5): 856-858.
Hammon JW, et al. Prevention of embolic events during coronary artery bypass graft
surgery. Presented at the 3rd Int'l Conference on the Brain and Cardiac Surgery, Key West,
FL, Sept 23-27, 1994. (abstract)
Hanzawa K. Clinical significance of frequency analysis of high-intensity transient
signals (HITS) by TCD in cardiopulmonary bypass. Neurosonology 1999; 12(2): 64-70.
Hanzawa K, et al. Anticoagulant agents reduce high intensity transient signals without
associated sound during V-A ECMO. Neurosonology 1999; 12(3): 120-124.
Hariawala MD. Adverse cerebral outcomes after coronary bypass surgery. (correspondence)
New Eng J Med 1997; 336(22): 1605-1607.
Harrison MJG, et al. Detection of middle cerebral emboli during coronary artery bypass
surgery using transcranial Doppler sonography. (letter) Stroke 1990; 21(10): 1512.
Hill JD, et al. Neuropathological manifestations of cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg
1969; 7(5): 409-419.
Hupperts R, et al. Is haemodynamical compromise a specific cause of border zone brain
infarcts following cardiac surgery? Stroke 1996; 27(3): 575. (abstract
#AB-13255-96)
Johnson WE, et al. Significance of gaseous microemboli in cerebral circulation during
cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs. Circulation 1993; 88(part 2): 319-329.
Kay R, et al. Cerebral microembolism detected by transcranial Doppler during
percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy. Am J Cardiol 1995; 75(2): 189-190.
Kouchoukos NT, et al. Management of the severely atherosclerotic aorta during cardiac
operations. J Card Surg 1994; 9(5): 490-494.
Kouchoukos NT, Barzilai B, and VG Davila-Roman. Adverse cerebral outcomes after
coronary bypass surgery. (correspondence) New Eng J Med 1997; 336(22): 1605-1607.
Krebber HJ, et al. Microembolization due to microbubbles released from the oxygenator.
In: Psychopathological and Neurological Dysfunctions Following Open Heart Surgery.
Edited by Becker R, et al. New York: Springer Verlag, 1982. 352-361.
Lieh H, et al. Correlation between the severity of atherosclerosis of the ascending
aorta and cerebral emboli during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Presented at the
2nd Int'l Conference on the Brain and Cardiac Surgery, Key West, FL, Sept 25-28, 1992.
(abstract)
Lindner A, et al. Time course of Doppler microembolic signals in patients undergoing
elective heart valve replacement: a prospective study. J Heart Valve Dis 1997;
6(5): 527-530.
Liu JF, Su ZK, and WX Ding. Quantitation of particulate microemboli during
cardiopulmonary bypass: experimental and clinical studies. Ann Thorac Surg 1992;
54(6): 1196-1202.
Loop FD, et al. Events related to microembolism during extracorporeal perfusion in man:
effectiveness of in-line filtration recorded by ultrasound. Ann Thorac Surg 1976;
21(5): 412-420.
Meyendorf R. Visual disturbances after open-heart surgery. In: Psychopathological
and Neurological Dysfunctions Following Open-Heart Surgery. Edited by Becker R, et al.
New York: Springer-Verlag 1982. 16-31.
Mills SA. Risk factors for cerebral injury and cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg
1995; 59(5): 1296-1299.
Moody DM, et al. Brain microemboli associated with cardiopulmonary bypass: a histologic
and magnetic resonance imaging study. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 59(5): 1304-1307.
Moody DM, et al. Brain microemboli during cardiac surgery or aortography. Ann Neurol
1990; 28(4): 477-486.
Moody DM, et al. Brain microemboli following cardiopulmonary bypass. Presented at the
2nd Int'l Conference on the Brain and Cardiac Surgery, Key West, FL, Sept 25-28, 1992.
(abstract)
Moody DM, et al. Efforts to characterize the nature and chronicle the occurrence of
brain emboli during CPB. Presented at the 3rd Int'l Conference on the Brain and Cardiac
Surgery, Key West, FL, Sept 23-27, 1994. (abstract)
Moody DM. A new role for radiologists in the development of cardiac surgery. Am J
Neuroradiol 1991; 12(5): 815-816.
Murkin, JM. The brain at risk during cardiopulmonary bypass. Presented at the 17th
Annual San Diego Cardiothoracic Surgery Symposium: Pathophysiology and Techniques of
Cardiopulmonary Bypass: XVII, San Diego, CA, Feb 13-15, 1997.
Nabavi DG, et al. Clinical relevance of intracranial microembolic signals in patients
with left ventricular asist devices. Stroke 1996; 27(5): 891-896.
Neveling M, et al. Embolus detection during extracorporal circulation and its influence
on cerebral glucose metabolism and psychometric test performance. Presented at the 6th
Meeting of Neurosonology Research Group; World Federation of Neurology, Salzburg, Austria, Sept
1-3, 1995. J Neuroimaging 1995; 5(supp 2). (abstract #21)
O’Dwyer C, Prough DS, and WE Johnston. Determinants of cerebral perfusion
during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1996; 10(1): 54-65.
Padayachee TS, et al. The detection of microemboli in the middle cerebral artery during
cardiopulmonary bypass: a transcranial Doppler ultrasound investigation using membrane and
bubble oxygenators. Ann Thorac Surg 1987; 44: 298-302.
Padayachee TS, et al. The effect of arterial filtration on reduction of gaseous
microemboli in the middle cerebral artery during cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac
Surg 1988; 45(6): 647-649.
Paterson JW, et al. The effects of platelet aggregates on the retinal microcirculation.
In: 4th European conference on the microcirculation. Edited by Harders H.
Switzerland: S. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, 1966. 85-91.
Patterson, Jr. RH and J Kessler. Microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass detected by
ultrasound. Surgery 1969; 129: 505-510.
Pearson DT, et al. Gaseous microemboli during open heart surgery. In: Towards safer
cardiac surgery. Edited by Longmore DB. England: MTP, 1981. 325-354.
Pugsley W, et al. Microemboli and cerebral impairment during cardiac surgery. J Vasc
Surg 1990; 24: 34-43.
Pugsley W, et al. The impact of microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass on
neuropsychological functioning. Stroke 1994; 25(7): 1393-1399.
Pugsley W. The use of Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of microemboli during
cardiac surgery. Perfusion 1989; 4: 115-122.
Pugsley WB, et al. Relationship between microembolic event count and neuropsychological
deficit in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. Presented at the 2nd Int'l
Conference on the Brain and Cardiac Surgery, Key West, FL, Sept 25-28, 1992. (abstract)
Rescigno G, et al. Doppler analysis of the left venting line: an effective and simple
technique to control heart de-airing. Cardiovascular Surgery 1995; 3(1): 65-69.
(abstract)
Richardson PD. Qualitative and quantitative methods for investigating gas emboli in
blood. Med Instrum 1985; 19(2): 55-58.
Ring HG and NJ David. Experimental air embolism. Studies with fluorescein
cinematography. Arch Ophthalmol 1969; 81(6): 830-836.
Roach GW and DR Gangano. Adverse cerebral outcomes after coronary bypass surgery.
(correspondence - author’s reply) New Eng J Med 1997; 336(22): 1605-1607.
Roach GW, et al. Adverse cerebral outcomes after coronary bypass surgery. New Eng J
Med 1996; 335(265): 1857-1863.
Roach GW. Risk factors predictive of embolic events in cardiac surgery.
Patterson, Jr. RH and J Kessler. A filter for microemboli in cardiopulmonary bypass.
Presented at the 42nd Scientific Sessions. Circulation 1969; 39-40(supp 3): 160.
(abstract)
Schwarz KQ, et al. The acoustic filter: an ultrasonic blood filter for the heart-lung
machine. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992; 104(6): 1647-1653.
Solis RT, et al. Particulate microembolism during cardiac operation. Ann Thorac Surg
1974; 17(4): 332-344.
Stevens Memorial Hospital. Carotid stenosis NIH alert. Physicians' StatSheet
April 1995.
Stump DA, et al. Cardiopulmonary bypass time and neuropsychological deficits after
cardiac surgery. Presented at the 2nd Int'l Conference on the Brain and Cardiac Surgery,
Key West, FL, Sept 25-28, 1992. (abstract)
Stump DA, et al. Cerebral emboli and cognitive outcome after cardiac surgery. J
Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1996; 10(1): 113-119.
Stump DA, et al. Emboli and neuropsychological outcome following cardiopulmonary
bypass. Echocardiography 1996; 13(5): 555-558.
Stump DA, et al. Neuropsychological deficits after cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg
1991; 72(2S): S282. (abstract)
Stump DA, et al. Neuropsychological deficits are associated with the number of emboli
detected during cardiac surgery. Presented at the 7th Int'l Symposium on Cerebral
Hemodynamics, Lake Buena Vista, FL, Feb 6-10, 1993. Stroke 1993; 24(3). (abstract)
Stump DA, et al. Older patients have more emboli during coronary artery bypass graft
surgery. Anesthesiology 1992; 77(3A): A52. (abstract)
Stump DA. Carotid embolus detection in CPB. Bowman Gray School of Medicine.
Suchil BL, et al. Antifoaming agent microembolism in patients undergoing extracorporeal
circulation. Its frequency in post mortem material and its pathogenic potential in vitro. Rev
Esp Cardiol 1992; 45(9): 578-583.
Swank RL. Alteration of blood on storage: measurement of adhesiveness of aging
platelets and leukocytes and their removal by filtration. N Engl J Med 1961; 265:
728-733.
Taylor RL, et al. Cerebral microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass: increased emboli
during perfusionist interventions. Presented at the Mechanisms of Perfusion XIV
Conference, Orlando, FL, April 29-May 2, 1999; Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 68(1): 89-93.
van der Linden J and H Casimir-Ahn. When do cerebral emboli appear during open heart
operations? A transcranial Doppler study. Ann Thorac Surg 1991; 51(2): 237-41.
Villano ME, et al. Embolic events recorded during pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass.
Presented at the 3rd Int'l Conference on the Brain and Cardiac Surgery, Key West, FL, Sept
23-27, 1994. (abstract)
Wagner WR, et al. Thrombin generation occurs preferentially at the time of
cardiothoracic tissue reperfusion in cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery bypass
grafting. University of Pittsburgh.
Williams IM, et al. Brain and retinal microemboli during cardiac surgery. Annals
Neurology 1991; 30(5): 736-737.
Williams IM. Retinal vascular occlusions in open heart surgery. Br J Ophthalmol
1975; 59(2): 81-91.
Wolman RL, et al. Adverse neurologic outcome following intracardiac versus extracardiac
surgery. Presented at the 3rd Int'l Conference on the Brain and Cardiac Surgery, Key West,
FL, Sept 23-27, 1994. (abstract)
Wolman RL, et al. Cerebral injury after cardiac surgery: identification of a group at
extraordinary risk. Stroke 1999; 30(3): 514-522.
Wong DH. Perioperative stroke. Part II: Cardiac surgery and cardiogenic embolic stroke.
Can J Anaesth 1991; 38(4 pt 1): 471-488. |
