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Prosthetic Valves

Berger MP and CH Tegeler. Embolus detection using Doppler ultrasonography. In: Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography. Edited by Babikian VL and LR Wechsler. Philadelphia: Mosby-Yearbook, Inc., 1993. 232-241.

Berger MP, et al. Asymptomatic microemboli. Neurology 1993; 43(9): 1865.

Berger MP, et al. Detection of subclinical microemboli in patients with prosthetic aortic valves. Presented at the 5th Int'l Symposium on Intracranial Hemodynamics, San Francisco, CA, Feb 18-21, 1991. J Cardiovasc Tech 1990; 9(3): 282. (abstract #58)

Brækken SK, et al. Cerebral emboli in prosthetic heart valve patients. Presented at the 1994 Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, San Diego, CA, Feb 14-17, 1994. Stroke 1994; 24(3): 41. (abstract #30)

Brækken SK, et al. Incidence and frequency of cerebral embolic signals in patients with a similar bileaflet mechanical heart valve. Stroke 1995; 26(7): 1225-1230.

Brækken SK, et al. The incidence and frequency of cerebral embolic signals in mechanical heart valve patients increased with duration of implantation. Presented at the 8th Int'l Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, Münster, Germany, Sept. 25-27, 1994. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994; 4(supp 3). (abstract #100)

Cowburn PJ, et al. Doppler ultrasound detection of cerebral emboli in patients with mechanical heart valves: correlation with neurological deficit. Clin Sci 1992; 82(supp 26): 1P. (abstract #1)

Dauzat M, et al. Gas bubble emboli detected by transcranial Doppler sonography in patients with prosthetic heart valves: a preliminary report. J Ultrasound Med 1994; 13(2): 129-135.

Deklunder G, et al. Microemboli in cerebral circulation and alteration of cognitive abilities in patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves. Stroke 1998; 29(9): 1821-1826.

Eicke BM, et al. Microemboli detection in atrial fibrillation and after prosthetic valve surgery: prevalence and clinical outcome. Dept. of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August University, Güttingen, Germany. March 1995.

Eicke BM, et al. TCD monitoring in patients after valve replacement surgery and non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation. Presented at the 8th Int'l Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, Münster, Germany, Sept 25-27, 1994. (abstract #105)

Garver D, et al. The epidemiology of prosthetic heart valves in the United States. Tex Heart Inst J 1995; 22(1): 86-91.

Geiser T, et al. Mechanisms of cerebrovascular events as assessed by procoagulant activity, cerebral microemboli, and platelet microparticles in patients with prosthetic heart valves. Stroke 1998; 29(9): 1770-1777.

Georgiadis D and DG Grosset. Intracranial embolic signals in prosthetic valve patients vary according to valve type. Presented at the 5th Meeting of Neurosonology Research Group; World Federation of Neurology, Toronto, Canada, Sept 1-3, 1993. (abstract #A-29)

Georgiadis D, et al. Coagulation activity and emboli counts in patients with prothetic cardiac valves. Stroke 1994; 25(6): 1211-1214.

Georgiadis D, et al. Correlation between coagulation activity and microemboli signals in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves. Presented at the 1994 Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, San Diego, CA, Feb 14-17, 1994. Stroke 1994; 24(3). (abstract)

Georgiadis D, et al. Differentiation between gaseous and formed embolic materials in vivo. Application in prosthetic heart valve patients. Stroke 1994; 25(8): 1559-1563.

Georgiadis D, et al. Doppler microembolic signals in children with prosthetic cardiac valves. Stroke 1997; 28(7): 1328-1329.

Georgiadis D, et al. Further evidence of gaseous embolic material in patients with artificial heart valves. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 115(4): 808-810.

Georgiadis D, et al. Incidence and characteristics of intracranial microemboli in patients with different types of prosthetic cardiac valves. Stroke 1994; 25(3): 587-592.

Georgiadis D, et al. Influence of oxygen ventilation on Doppler microemboli signals in patients with artificial heart valves. Stroke 1997; 28(11): 2189-2194.

Georgiadis D, et al. Intracranial microembolic signals in in 500 patients with potential cardiac or carotid embolic source. Stroke 1997; 28(6): 1203-1207.

Georgiadis D, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of intracranial microemboli signals in patients with different types of prosthetic cardiac valves. Stroke 1994; 25(3): 587-592.

Georgiadis D, et al. Serial transcranial Doppler study of embolism in cardiac surgery patients identifies prosthetic valves as the embolic source. Presented at the 5th Meeting of Neurosonology Research Group; World Federation of Neurology, Toronto, Canada, Sept 1-3, 1993. (abstract)

Georgiadis D, et al. Variability of Doppler microembolic signal counts in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves. Stroke 1995; 26(3): 439-443.

Georgiadis D, et al. Transcranial Doppler detection of microemboli in prosthetic heart valve patients: dependency upon valve type. Presented at the 8th Int'l Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, Münster, Germany, Sept 25-27, 1994. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1996; 10(4): 253-258.

Georgiadis D, et al. Variability of Doppler microembolic signal counts in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves. Stroke 1995; 26(3): 439-443.

Graf T, et al. Cavitation potential of mechanical heart valve prostheses. Int J Artif Organs 1991; 14(3): 169-174.

Grosset DG, et al. Subclinical embolism in patients undergoing cardiac valve implantation and coronary artery bypass surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1994; 8(2): 63-66.

Grosset DG, et al. Ultrasound detection of cerebral emboli in patients with prosthetic heart valves. J Heart Valve Dis 1994; 3(2): 128-132.

Hanzawa K, et al. Clinical significance of high intensity transient signal (HITS) by transcranial Doppler sonography in patients with St. Jude medical heart valve. Neurosonology 1999; 12(1): 7-12.

Kafesjian R, et al. Cavitation damage of pyrolytic carbon in mechanical heart valves. J Heart Valve Dis 1994; 3(supp I): S2-S7.

Kaps M, et al. Clinically silent microemboli in patients with artificial prosthetic aortic valves are predominantly gaseous and not solid. Stroke 1997; 28(2): 322-325.

Kaps M, Seidel G, and J Berg. Is there a hemispheric side preference of cardiac valvular emboli? Stroke 1995; 26: 2385 (abstract #AB13152-95); Ultrasound Med Biol 1995; 21(6): 753-756.

Kingsbury C, et al. Cavitation threshold with respect to dP/dt: evaluation in 29mm bileaflet, pyrolitic carbon heart valves. Int J Artif Organs 1993; 16(7): 515-520.

Kofidis T, et al. HITS after prosthetic heart valve implantation: comparison of two valve types. Presented at the 6th Meeting of Neurosonology Research Group; World Federation of Neurology, Salzburg, Austria, Sept 1-3, 1995. J Neuroimaging 1995; 5(supp 2). (abstract #14)

Lapeyre DM, et al. In vivo evaluation of a trileaflet mechanical heart valve. ASAIO J 1994; 40(3): M707-M713.

Levy DJ, et al. Microbubbles and mitral valve prostheses - transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation. Eur J Ultrasound 1999; 10(1): 31-40.

Mackay TG, et al. Investigation of micro-bubbles associated with prosthetic heart valves in an in vitro model. Presented at the 1994 Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, San Diego, CA, Feb 14-17, 1994. Stroke 1994; 24(3). (abstract #56)

Mackay TG, et al. On the origin of cerebrovascular microemboli associated with prosthetic heart valves. Stroke 1996; 27(4): 785. (abstract # AB-13325-96); Neurol Res 1995; 17: 349-352.

Mackay TG, et al. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound signals associated with prosthetic heart valves: an in vitro study. J Heart Valve Dis 1995; 4(4): 414-419.

Müller HR, et al. High intensity transcranial Doppler signals (HITS) after prosthetic valve implantation. J Heart Valve Dis 1994; 3(6): 602-606.

Müller HR, et al. Simultaneous bilateral TCD for detection of middle cerebral artery emboli from prosthetic heart valves. Presented at the 7th Int'l Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, Lake Buena

Vista, FL, Feb 6-10, 1993. Stroke 1992; 24(3): 63. (abstract #47); Cerebrovasc Dis 1994; 4: 393-397.

Nabavi DG, et al. Detection of microembolic signals in patients with LVAD. Presented at the 6th Meeting of Neurosonology Research Group; World Federation of Neurology, Salzburg, Austria, Sept 1-3, 1995. J Neuroimaging 1995; 5(supp 2). (abstract #19)

Rams JA, et al. Detection of microemboli in patients with artificial heart valves using transcranial Doppler: preliminary observations. J Heart Valve Dis 1993; 2(1): 37-41.

Rambod E, et al. A physical model describing the mechanism for formation of gas microbubbles in patients with mitral mechanical heart valves. Ann Biomed Eng 1999; 27(6): 774-792.

Rambod E, et al. A physical model describing the mechanism for formation of gaseous microbubbles in patients with mechanical heart valves. ASAIO Journal 1999; 45(2): 133. (abstract)

Ruß-Hasenburg E, et al. Detection of subclinical cerebral microemboli in patients with prosthetic valves. Presented at the 8th Int'l Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, Münster, Germany, Sept. 25-27, 1994. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994; 4(supp 3): 21. (abstract #102)

Russell D and R Brucher. Discrimination between solid and gaseous cerebral microemboli in patients with artificial heart valves or carotid stenosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 1998; 8 (supp 3): 1-21.

Shu MCS, Gross JM, and KM Johnson. Can cavitation bubbles generated by mechanical heart valves be detected by transcranial Doppler? J Heart Valve Dis 1995; 4(5): 542-552.

Sigrun K, Brucher R, and J Svennevg. The incidence and frequency of cerebral embolic signals in mechanical heart valve patients increased with duration of implantation. Presented at the 8th Int'l Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, Münster, Germany, Sept 25-27, 1994. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994; 4(supp 3). (abstract #100)

Sliwka U and D Georgiadis. Clinical correlation of Doppler MES in 580 patients with prosthetic heart valves. Stroke 1998; 29(1): 140-143.

Sliwka U, et al. Clinical evidence of cerebral emboli in the acute phase and long term follow-up after mechanical heart valve implantation. Presented at the 8th Int'l Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, Münster, Germany, Sept 25-27, 1994. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994; 4(supp 3): 21. (abstract #103)

Sliwka U, et al. Transcranial Doppler "high intensity transient signals" in the acute phase and long-term follow-up of mechanical heart valve implantation. Cerebrovasc Dis 1995; 5: 139-146; Stroke 1996; 27: 160. (abstract #AB-13194-96)

Spencer MP, Berger M, and J Rams. Prevalence of Doppler-detected cerebral microemboli in patients with prosthetic heart valves. Proceedings of the Sixth Congress of the International Cardiac Doppler Society, Budapest, Hungary, May 1-3, 1992.

Spencer MP, Berger MP, and DA Davis. Doppler detection of cerebral microemboli in prosthetic valve patients. Presented at the 5th Meeting of Neurosonology Research Group; World Federation of Neurology, Toronto, Canada, Sept 1-3, 1993. (abstract #A-78)

Stein PD, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in patients with mechanical and biological prosthetic heart valves. Chest 1995; 104(4(supp)): 371s-379s.

Stein PD, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in patients with mechanical and biological prosthetic heart valves. Chest 1992; 102(4(supp)): 445s-455s.

Stulz P, Pfisterer M, and HR Müller. Does the occurrence of TCD HITS from heart valve prostheses depend on the grade of anticoagulation? Presented at the 6th Meeting of Neurosonology Research Group; World Federation of Neurology, Salzburg, Austria, Sept 1-3, 1995. J Neuroimaging 1995; 5(supp 2). (abstract #25)

Sturtzenegger M, Beer JH, and F Rihs. Monitoring combined antithrombotic treatments in patients with prosthetic heart valves using transcranial Doppler and coagulation markers. Stroke 1995; 26(1): 63-69.

Sturtzenegger M, Beer JH, and F Rihs. The use of transcranial Doppler emboli detection and coagulation markers to monitor combined antithrombotic treatments in patients with prosthetic heart valves. Presented at the 8th Int'l Symposium on Cerebral Hemodynamics, Münster, Germany, Sept 25-27, 1994. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994; 4(supp 3). (abstract #74)

Wagner WR, et al. Evaluation of bioprosthetic valve-associated thrombus in ventricular assist device patients. Circulation 1993; 88(5(part1)): 2023-2029.

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